Kenya, unlike her neighbours was the only EA nation that was a colony of settlement or a settler colony. Uganda was a protectorate, while Tanzania was a colony of exploitation.
As a settler colony, Kenya hosted the largest population of European settlers in the region, who were brought in by the British government with the objective of transforming Kenya into a white man’s country. The chief proponent of this policy was a white supremacist named Charles Eliot, Commissioner of the East Africa Protectorate at the time, who openly advocated for Kenya to become permanently a white man’s country just like Australia or the United States. One of the ways he proposed to achieve this was by ensuring “that African natives go under” I hope you get what that means!
In 1902, the Crown Lands Ordinance Act was enacted. It declared that all land in Kenya belonged to the British Crown, giving the monarch ultimate authority over its alienation and allowing the King or Queen to grant land to whomever he or she wished. By 1903, the King had allocated huge tracts of land in the Rift Valley later known as the White Highlands to European settlers such as Lord Delamere, who received over 100,000 acres in Nakuru.
Now because Kenya was a settler colony, it also received significant colonial investment in infrastructure and also capital investment. By the 1950s, Kenya was the most developed and industrialised country in East Africa. Some of the industrial and manufacturing companies at the time included EABL (est. 1922 by George and Charles Hurst), UNGA Group (est. 1908 by Lord Delamere), Bata Shoe Company (est. 1939), and Nairobi’s Industrial Area, which was formally zoned for manufacturing in the late 1940s and its because of these huge investments by the British govt and white settlers that made Kenya’s economy to be at par with South Korea’s at independence in 1963.
Kenya was also the financial and commercial centre of East Africa, hosting major banks such as Barclays (est. 1916), Standard Bank of South Africa (est. 1911), and the National Bank of India (est. 1896), among others, as well as several insurance companies.
In short by as early as the 1950s, Kenya was the Europe (Mayolo) of East Africa.
If it were not for the Mau Mau Revolution, Kenya might indeed have become a white man’s country because these white settlers who were mostly concentrated in the Rift Valley had no desire to leave Kenya. In fact, Kenya is the only East African country that gained independence through armed struggle, which is why the red colour in our national flag symbolises the blood that was shed by Mau Mau freedom fighters in their fight for land and freedom (independence).
I’ll end this history lesson by noting that Kenya was the FIRST British African settler colony to gain independence and this is one of the reasons, Nelson Mandela admired the Mau Mau freedom fighters especially Dedan Kimathi. Because Kenya and South Africa were both settler colonies.