Stem cell transplants are typically used for patients with leukemia or specific cancers. They require extensive radiation and chemotherapy first—both are expensive and DANGEROUS treatments. Stem cell transplants are also curative for sickle cell disease, but are not widely used because of these issues.
Stem cell transplants are quite expensive—in the $20,000 to $30,000 range— with some estimates as high as $350,000 to $800,000.
The transplants are also risky, with common complications being infection (often pneumonia), sepsis, bleeding, organ failure, and chronic graft vs. host disease, which happens when the donor cells attack the recipient’s tissue. Depending on the site, 25-40% of patients will die in the first year following transplant.
Both the “Berlin” and “London” patients received the transplant as part of their cancer therapy, not specifically for their HIV. But donors were chosen, in part, to have this CCR5 mutation, which likely confers immunity.
THEREFORE, stem cell therapy is not a HIV cure for the masses!